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Wild bison, also known as American bison, are iconic symbols of North America’s natural heritage. They are large herbivores that once roamed across much of the continent, but their population declined drastically due to hunting and habitat destruction in the 19th century.
Physical Characteristics
Wild bison are the largest land animals in North America and can weigh up to 2,000 pounds. They have a massive head, humpbacked shoulders, and shaggy fur which is usually brown in color. Both males and females have curved horns, but male bison have larger and thicker ones.
Habitat and Range
Wild bison are adapted to live in grasslands, prairies, and meadows where they can graze and roam freely. They once lived throughout North America, but by the late 1800s, their population had been reduced to less than 1,000. Today, wild bison are found in protected areas such as national parks, reserves, and private ranches in the United States and Canada.
Behavior and Diet
Wild bison are social animals that live in herds. The size of the herd can range from a few individuals to several hundred, depending on the availability of food and water. Bison are herbivores and feed on grasses, sedges, and other vegetation that grow in their habitat.
Conservation Status
Wild bison are classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While their population has increased since the 1800s, they are still far from their historic numbers. There are estimated to be about 31,000 wild bison in North America, with most living on public lands in national parks and reserves. However, some populations are threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and disease.
Wild bison are a vital part of North America’s natural heritage. Their massive size, iconic appearance, and social behavior make them fascinating animals to observe and learn about. While their conservation status is improving, it’s crucial to continue protecting their habitat and managing their populations to ensure their survival for generations to come.