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A tornado is a violent and rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. It is also known as a twister or cyclone and can cause significant damage to property and human life.

Formation and Types of Tornadoes

Tornadoes usually occur when cold and warm air masses collide, typically during spring and summer seasons. The warm air rises quickly, and the cold air sinks, leading to a horizontal rotation. Strong winds can cause the horizontal rotation to turn vertical, forming a tornado.

There are two types of tornadoes: mesocyclones and landspouts. Mesocyclones are formed from supercell thunderstorms, which are large and long-lived thunderstorms with a rotating updraft. Landspouts, on the other hand, are weaker and shorter-lived tornadoes that form on the ground.

Characteristics of Tornadoes

Tornadoes are categorized using the Enhanced Fujita Scale, which rates the tornado’s intensity by the damage it causes. The scale ranges from EF0 to EF5, with EF5 being the most severe.

Tornadoes can have wind speeds ranging from 40 to 300 miles per hour and can be as wide as 2 miles. They typically last for a few minutes to an hour and can travel up to 70 miles per hour.

Safety Precautions

If you live in a tornado-prone area, it’s essential to have a plan in place for when a tornado strikes. A tornado warning is issued when a tornado has been spotted or detected on radar, and you should immediately seek shelter in a basement or an interior room on the lowest level of a building.

Avoid windows and stay away from exterior walls, and cover your head with your arms or a blanket to protect yourself against flying debris.

Tornadoes are natural disasters that can cause significant damage to property and human life. Understanding how they form, their characteristics, and safety precautions can help keep you and your loved ones safe during a tornado strike.