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Sternidae, commonly known as terns, are a family of seabirds found all over the world. These birds are known for their beautiful, graceful flight and are a favourite among birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. They belong to the taxonomic order Charadriiformes, which also includes other seabirds such as gulls and auks.

Physical Characteristics

Terns are known for their slender bodies, long wings and forked tails, which give them their characteristic shape. They are small to medium-sized seabirds, with some species weighing as little as 30g and others as much as 700g. Terns have a variety of plumage, but most have a white or grey body with black markings on their head, wings and tail. They have narrow, pointed bills which they use to catch small fish and other marine animals.

Habitat and Distribution

Terns are found all over the world, with the exception of Antarctica. They are mostly found in coastal areas, although some species also live in freshwater habitats. They breed in colonies on sandy or rocky islands, and some species also build nests on beaches. Terns are migratory birds, travelling long distances from their breeding grounds to their wintering areas.

Behaviour and Diet

Terns are highly social birds, forming large flocks both during the breeding season and when wintering. They are also known for their aggressive behaviour, especially when defending their nests or chicks. Terns feed on small fish, crustaceans and other marine animals, which they catch by diving into the water from flight or by hovering over the surface.

Conservation Status

Many species of tern are threatened by habitat loss, pollution and overfishing. The Roseate Tern, for example, is listed as endangered due to the loss of its nesting habitat and exploitation by egg collectors. However, some species of tern have increased in population due to conservation efforts, such as the Common Tern in North America.

Sternidae or terns are beautiful and graceful seabirds that have fascinated people for centuries. They are found all over the world, have a unique physical appearance and are known for their aggressive behavior and social nature. While some species are threatened, conservation efforts have been successful in some cases, ensuring that these birds continue to enrich our natural world.