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Broken window is a criminological theory that suggests visible signs of disorder and neglect in a community can lead to an increase in crime and anti-social behavior. The concept is based on the idea that if one broken window is left unrepaired, it can signal to others that no one cares about the community, and this can lead to an increase in criminal activity.

The theory originated from a 1982 article written by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, which argued that crime prevention is not only about catching criminals but also about maintaining a sense of order in a community. The premise of the theory is that environments with visible signs of disorder are more likely to attract crime, and when minor issues are left unaddressed, they can escalate to more significant problems.

The broken window theory has been used to explain the effectiveness of community policing, which involves police officers working with community members to prevent crime. By improving the appearance of a community and addressing minor issues, such as graffiti or litter, community members feel more invested in their neighborhood and are more likely to report crimes and cooperate with law enforcement.

However, the broken window theory has also been criticized for potentially promoting aggressive policing tactics and disproportionately targeting marginalized communities. Critics argue that the theory is based on a flawed notion that disorder causes crime and that it ignores the structural and economic factors that contribute to criminal behavior.

the broken window theory suggests that addressing minor issues and maintaining order in a community can prevent crime. However, it is essential to ensure that these efforts do not lead to discriminatory policing practices or neglecting larger societal factors that contribute to criminal activity.