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The body skeleton is the framework of the human body that supports and protects the internal organs. It is made up of bones and cartilage that are interconnected by joints allowing movement. The average human adult skeleton consists of 206 bones of varying shapes and sizes. These bones are classified into two categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage. The skull is made up of 22 bones that protect the brain and sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and nose. The vertebral column comprises 33 vertebrae, which provide support to the body and protect the spinal cord. The ribcage consists of 12 pairs of ribs that protect the heart and lungs.

Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach these limbs to the axial skeleton. The upper limbs or arms consist of the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The lower limbs or legs consist of the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The girdles consist of the girdle, which attaches the arms to the axial skeleton, and the pelvic girdle, which attaches the legs to the axial skeleton.

Bone Structure and Function

Bones are composed of living tissue that undergoes growth, repair, and remodeling throughout an individual’s life. The outer layer of bone is called the periosteum, and it provides a surface for muscles to attach to the bone. The inner layer of the bone contains the bone marrow, which produces new blood cells. Bones play several vital functions in the human body. They provide structural support for the body, protect the internal organs, allow for movement, and store essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

The body skeleton is essential to the human body as it provides structural support and protection for the internal organs. Understanding the structure and function of bones is critical to maintaining good health and preventing bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis. Proper nutrition and exercise can help keep the skeleton healthy and strong throughout an individual’s life.