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The American bison, also known as the American buffalo, is a large, hoofed mammal native to North America. The species once roamed the grasslands of the continent in vast herds, with an estimated population of up to 60 million before European colonization. Today, the American bison is considered a near-threatened species.
Appearance and Physical Characteristics
The American bison is one of the largest land animals in North America. Adult males, also known as bulls, can weigh over 2,000 pounds and stand up to 6 feet tall at the shoulder. Females, or cows, are slightly smaller, weighing up to 1,000 pounds and standing 4-5 feet tall. Both males and females have a distinctive hump on their shoulders and a thick, shaggy coat that ranges from light brown to dark brown in color.
Habitat and Distribution
Historically, the American bison roamed much of North America, from Canada to Mexico and from the Rockies to the Appalachian Mountains. Today, however, the species primarily inhabits protected areas such as national parks and wildlife refuges. These areas include Yellowstone National Park and the Henry Mountains in Utah.
Diet and Behavior
American bison are herbivores, grazing on grasses and sedges. They typically live in large groups called herds, led by dominant bulls. During mating season, bulls compete for mating rights, engaging in head-butting contests and other displays of strength.
Conservation and Status
The American bison was hunted to near extinction in the late 19th century as part of efforts to settle the American West. Today, the species is protected under the Endangered Species Act and has made a modest recovery, with an estimated population of around 500,000. Despite this, conservationists warn that the species still faces threats from habitat loss, disease, and hunting.
In summary, the American bison, once a dominating presence in the North American wilderness, is now a near-threatened species. While conservation efforts have helped the species make a modest recovery, it remains vulnerable to a range of threats. It is important that we continue to protect these majestic creatures and ensure that future generations can enjoy them for many years to come.